Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Universal Declaration of Human Rights is the first document in protection of human rights in the world. The Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, and set out a common standard of achievement and protection of human rights for all nations and all peoples. The Declaration states those inherent dignities as well as equal and inalienable rights of all people are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, and UN Member States are pledged to achieve the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Article 22 of the Declaration states that, “Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.” This reflects the importance economic, social and cultural rights to individuals. Being one of the International Bills of Human Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights commits to promoting and protecting individual economic, social, and cultural rights, including labour rights and rights to health, education, and an adequate standard of living.